The global appeal of manga is undeniable. These Japanese comics, with their distinctive art and captivating stories, have fans worldwide. But does that mean only Japanese creators can make authentic manga? It’s a common question, especially for aspiring artists outside Japan wondering if their work can truly fit the bill. Many grapple with understanding the line between inspiration and authentic creation, often feeling unsure if branching out is “acceptable” or even possible.
Yes, manga absolutely can be made in America. While originating in Japan, the manga style—its unique art, paneling, and storytelling conventions—can be successfully adopted by American creators. Works created this way are often termed Original English-Language (OEL) manga.
This exploration dives deep into the nuances of American-made manga. We’ll unpack what defines traditional manga, tackle the authenticity debate, highlight key factors for success, examine the unique challenges faced by American creators, showcase successful examples, and even guide aspiring artists on publishing routes. Get ready to understand the dynamic world where Japanese tradition meets global creativity.
Key Facts:
* Manga refers specifically to comics or graphic novels originating from Japan, characterized by unique artistic and narrative styles developed over decades.
* The term Original English-Language (OEL) Manga is commonly used for manga-style comics created by non-Japanese artists, primarily for an English-speaking audience.
* While anyone can learn to draw in the manga style, achieving cultural authenticity and nuance is a significant consideration and often debated among fans and creators.
* Successful American-made manga often demonstrate deep respect for Japanese origins while adapting storytelling for Western audiences.
* The US market for manga has seen substantial growth, creating more opportunities and visibility for both Japanese imports and OEL manga creators.
What Exactly Defines Traditional Japanese Manga?
Before we dive into American adaptations, let’s establish what makes traditional Japanese manga unique. Manga is a specific style of Japanese comics or graphic novels characterized by its distinctive art style (large eyes, expressive features), unique panel layouts guiding the reader right-to-left, diverse storytelling across genres, and reflections of Japanese culture and society. It’s more than just “comics from Japan”; it’s a distinct medium with its own conventions.
Core Artistic and Stylistic Elements
Manga art is instantly recognizable, but it’s built on specific techniques:
- Distinctive Character Design: Often features large, expressive eyes to convey emotion, varied hairstyles, and sometimes exaggerated proportions or features depending on the genre and style.
- Dynamic Paneling: Manga utilizes panel layouts creatively to control pacing, emphasize action, and guide the reader’s eye in a specific flow. Panels can overlap, break borders, or use unique shapes.
- Expressive Linework: Line weight variation, speed lines for motion, and detailed backgrounds (or sometimes starkly blank ones for focus) are common.
- Visual Sound Effects (Onomatopoeia): Sound effects are often integrated directly into the artwork, becoming part of the visual landscape.
Narrative Scope and Cultural Context
Manga isn’t limited by genre. You’ll find everything from high-octane action (Shonen) and romance (Shojo) to complex dramas (Seinen/Josei), horror, sci-fi, fantasy, slice-of-life, and more.
Crucially, traditional manga is deeply embedded in Japanese culture. It often reflects Japanese societal norms, values, history, mythology, and daily life, even in fantastical settings. This cultural context adds layers of meaning that might require explanation for international audiences.
The Right-to-Left Reading Format
Perhaps the most defining technical characteristic is the reading direction. Traditional Japanese manga is read from right-to-left, top-to-bottom, following the standard format for written Japanese language, which influences panel layout and visual storytelling flow. This fundamental difference impacts how scenes are composed and how readers process the narrative visually.
Can Manga Actually Be Made in America?
Now for the million-dollar question: Can Americans really make manga? Yes, manga can be made in America. While traditionally Japanese, American creators can produce high-quality comics adopting manga’s stylistic and narrative conventions, often referred to as Original English-Language (OEL) manga. The ability to create in this style isn’t restricted by nationality.
The Simple Answer: Anyone Can Draw Manga Style
From a purely technical standpoint, the answer is straightforward. Anyone, including Americans, can learn and apply the artistic techniques and visual styles characteristic of manga. The ability to create manga-style art is not restricted by nationality. With dedicated study, practice, and access to resources (which are abundant today), artists anywhere can master the visual language of manga—the large expressive eyes, the dynamic paneling, the specific line work.
Cultural Authenticity vs. Global Interpretation
Here’s where the debate often ignites. Some purists argue that true manga can only come from Japan due to its deep cultural roots. They believe that the subtle nuances, societal reflections, and inherent “Japanese-ness” cannot be replicated authentically by outsiders.
However, others see manga as a style and storytelling approach that has transcended its origins. In our globalized world, artistic influences cross borders constantly. American creators, often lifelong fans themselves, can study and respect the conventions while bringing their own perspectives. It becomes less about strict replication and more about skillful interpretation and adaptation within the established stylistic framework. The key often lies in respecting the source material while creating something meaningful.
What is Manga Made in America Called? (OEL Manga)
So, if an American creates a comic deeply inspired by manga, what do we call it? Manga created by Americans or other non-Japanese creators and originally published in English is commonly called Original English-Language manga, often shortened to OEL Manga. While some might informally call it “American manga,” OEL Manga is the more widely accepted industry term. It acknowledges the work’s stylistic origins while clearly stating its language and point of creation.
What Key Factors Influence American-Made Manga?
Creating successful manga-style comics in America isn’t just about mimicking the art. Several critical factors come into play. Key factors for American-made manga include respecting Japanese cultural origins, accurately replicating core art styles and paneling, adapting storytelling conventions effectively, and achieving high quality to gain reader acceptance. Neglecting these can lead to work feeling like a shallow imitation rather than a genuine contribution.
Honoring Japanese Cultural Origins
Respect is paramount. Creators need to understand the cultural context from which manga emerged. This doesn’t mean every story needs to be set in Japan, but it does involve avoiding harmful stereotypes, understanding the significance of certain tropes or visual cues, and appreciating the history of the medium. It’s about informed inspiration, not appropriation.
Mastering the Distinctive Art and Paneling
Simply drawing big eyes isn’t enough. Mastering the manga style requires understanding its subtleties:
* Art: Nuances in character expression, anatomy variations between genres (e.g., shojo vs. seinen), background integration, and consistent style are crucial.
* Paneling: Effective manga paneling guides the reader intuitively, controls pacing, and enhances emotional impact. Poor paneling can make a comic confusing or dull, regardless of the art quality. American creators need to study how Japanese artists use panels to tell stories visually, especially considering the left-to-right reading convention typically used in OEL manga.
Adapting Storytelling Conventions
Manga often employs different narrative pacing, character archetypes, and thematic focuses compared to traditional Western comics. American creators need to decide how much to adhere to these conventions versus blending them with Western storytelling sensibilities. This might involve:
* Adapting common manga tropes (like specific character types or plot devices) in ways that feel fresh.
* Understanding manga’s approach to emotional depth and character development.
* Experimenting with pacing – manga can range from lightning-fast action sequences to slow, contemplative moments.
Successfully blending these elements without creating jarring inconsistencies is a significant challenge.
Key Takeaway: Creating compelling American-made manga requires a delicate balance: respecting the Japanese roots, mastering the technical skills, and thoughtfully adapting storytelling for a potentially different cultural audience.
Does “American Manga” Face Unique Challenges?
While possible and increasingly common, creating OEL manga isn’t without its hurdles. Yes, American-made manga often faces challenges like skepticism from purists about authenticity, difficulty gaining acceptance in a market dominated by Japanese imports, and the need to navigate cultural nuances respectfully to be seen as legitimate.
Gaining Legitimacy and Fan Acceptance
Perhaps the biggest challenge is overcoming the “it’s not real manga” sentiment among some segments of the fanbase. OEL manga creators often have to work harder to prove the quality and authenticity of their work. Fan acceptance hinges heavily on:
* Quality: High-quality art and compelling storytelling are non-negotiable. Mediocre work is easily dismissed.
* Authenticity Perception: Does it feel like it respects the spirit of manga, even if read left-to-right or featuring non-Japanese settings/characters?
* Avoiding Missteps: Clumsy handling of cultural elements or poorly executed stylistic imitation can draw heavy criticism.
Competing in the Established Manga Market
The American market is flooded with popular, high-quality manga directly translated from Japan, backed by major publishers. OEL manga creators face stiff competition for shelf space, online visibility, and reader attention. They need to find ways to stand out, whether through unique concepts, exceptional execution, or tapping into specific niche audiences.
Are There Successful Examples of American-Made Manga (OEL Manga)?
Absolutely! Despite the challenges, numerous creators outside Japan have successfully produced works in the manga style or heavily influenced by it. Yes, there are successful examples, often termed OEL Manga. Titles like ‘Radiant’ (French) and ‘Gisei’ (American) adopt manga conventions, while works like ‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’ show heavy manga/anime influence, demonstrating global creators embracing the style.
Notable OEL Manga Titles
While the OEL boom of the mid-2000s saw many titles come and go, several have made a mark:
- Radiant: Though created by French artist Tony Valente, Radiant is published in Japan and embodies the manga spirit so well it’s often mistaken for a native Japanese work. It highlights how nationality isn’t the sole determinant.
- Gisei: An American-created dark fantasy OEL manga, demonstrating home-grown talent tackling mature themes within the style. [Source: GISEI Media]
- Various Tokyopop Titles (Historically): Publishers like Tokyopop heavily promoted OEL manga in the 2000s, launching careers for artists like Svetlana Chmakova (Dramacon, Nightschool) and numerous others.
Famous American Artists Working in Manga Style
Many Western artists have become known for incorporating manga aesthetics:
- Bryan Lee O’Malley: Creator of Scott Pilgrim, which famously blends manga influences (expressive art, dynamic action, quirky humor) with indie comic sensibilities.
- Svetlana Chmakova: Known for popular OEL manga like Dramacon and Nightschool, and later the acclaimed Berrybrook Middle School series which retains manga-esque expressions.
- Adam Warren: Famous for his work on Dirty Pair and Empowered, showcasing a distinct, technically proficient style heavily drawing from manga and anime.
- Frederik L. Schodt: While more of an author and translator, his foundational books on manga were crucial in introducing the medium and its nuances to the West, influencing countless creators.
Note: This list isn’t exhaustive, and many webcomic and independent artists also work successfully in manga-inspired styles.
Manga-Influenced Western Works
Beyond explicit OEL Manga, the influence is vast:
- Avatar: The Last Airbender & The Legend of Korra: While American animations, their art style, action choreography, elemental bending (inspired by anime tropes), and serialized storytelling owe a massive debt to anime and manga. [Mentioned in Writing Forums discussion]
- Teen Titans (2003 Series): Adopted a distinctly anime-influenced visual style (“anime-lite”).
- RWBY: An American web series with a clear anime/manga aesthetic in its character designs and action.
- Scott Pilgrim vs. The World: Both the graphic novels and the film adaptation lean heavily into manga/video game visual language.
These examples show that the influence of manga is widespread and has been successfully integrated into Western media, blurring the lines and proving the style’s global adaptability.
How Can American Artists Get Their Manga Published?
So, you’re an American artist creating manga-style work. How do you get it into readers’ hands? American artists can publish manga through US publishers specializing in comics/graphic novels (like VIZ Media’s OEL line historically, Tokyopop, independent presses), self-publishing platforms, or potentially pitching to Japanese publishers, though the latter is more challenging.
Finding American Manga Publishers
Look for publishers who handle graphic novels and comics, particularly those with a history of publishing OEL manga or manga-adjacent works:
- VIZ Media: While primarily focused on Japanese imports, they have occasionally published OEL works. Keep an eye on their submission policies (if open).
- Tokyopop: Historically a major player in OEL manga, they still publish new titles. Check their current submission guidelines.
- Yen Press: Known for both manga/manhwa licenses and their JY imprint for younger readers, potentially open to OEL pitches.
- Dark Horse Comics: Publishes a mix of licensed manga and original graphic novels, sometimes with manga influences.
- Independent Comic Publishers: Companies like Oni Press, Image Comics (though less common for pure manga style), Boom! Studios, or smaller specialized presses might be options depending on the project.
Tip: Research each publisher thoroughly. Understand their catalogue, target audience, and submission requirements (often requiring a detailed pitch packet with sample pages).
The Path of Self-Publishing and Online Platforms
Don’t overlook the power of going direct:
- Self-Publishing Platforms: Services like Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) for digital/print-on-demand, Kickstarter for funding print runs, or Gumroad allow full creative control and direct audience engagement.
- Webcomic Platforms: Sites like Webtoon and Tapas are hugely popular, especially for serialized, vertically-scrolling comics (which can adapt manga styles). Building an audience here can sometimes lead to publishing deals.
Pitching to Japanese Publishers (Considerations)
This is the most difficult path for non-Japanese creators. While difficult due to language barriers and cultural differences, it’s theoretically possible for an American to publish manga in Japan, usually requiring strong networking, an agent, or exceptional work that fits the Japanese market. Key challenges include:
- Language Barrier: Fluency in Japanese is almost always essential for communication.
- Cultural Differences: Understanding the Japanese publishing industry’s norms and expectations.
- Market Fit: Ensuring the story and style resonate with a Japanese audience.
- Logistics: Navigating contracts, payments, and representation from overseas.
Success stories exist (like Radiant‘s creator), but they are exceptions requiring immense talent, dedication, and often, the right connections.
FAQs About Can Manga Be Made in America
Let’s tackle some common questions that pop up around this topic:
Can you publish a manga in America?
Yes, absolutely. You can publish manga-style work through traditional US comic/graphic novel publishers who accept such styles (like Tokyopop, Yen Press, etc.), via self-publishing platforms (Amazon KDP, Kickstarter), or on webcomic sites (Webtoon, Tapas).
Can a manga be made in the US?
Yes. American creators can and do create comics using manga’s artistic and storytelling conventions. These works are typically referred to as Original English-Language (OEL) manga.
What is manga made in America called?
It’s most commonly called Original English-Language manga (OEL Manga). Some may casually refer to it as “American manga,” but OEL Manga is the more precise industry term distinguishing it from manga originating in Japan.
Is it possible for an American to make an anime?
Yes, but the terminology is tricky. “Anime” specifically refers to animation from Japan. American studios can create animation heavily influenced by anime (like Avatar: The Last Airbender, Castlevania, RWBY), but purists wouldn’t call it “anime.” It’s American animation with anime influences.
What truly defines a work as “manga”?
Strictly speaking, “manga” refers to comics originating from Japan. However, the term is also widely used to describe the style associated with these comics (art, paneling, right-to-left reading). OEL Manga adopts the style but originates elsewhere.
Are there famous American manga artists?
Yes, several American artists are known for working in a manga style or being heavily influenced by it. Examples include Bryan Lee O’Malley (Scott Pilgrim), Svetlana Chmakova (Dramacon, Nightschool), and Adam Warren (Empowered).
Is Scott Pilgrim considered manga?
No, technically Scott Pilgrim is not manga because it was created by a Canadian artist (Bryan Lee O’Malley) and published initially by a US publisher (Oni Press). However, it is heavily influenced by manga in its art style, pacing, and visual humor, making it a prime example of manga’s global impact.
What are some popular American-made manga (OEL manga)?
Popular examples, especially from the OEL boom, include Svetlana Chmakova’s Dramacon, Rivkah’s Steady Beat, and various titles from Tokyopop’s past catalogue. More recently, webcomic platforms feature numerous popular manga-style works by American creators.
Do American manga creators face unique challenges?
Yes. They often face skepticism regarding authenticity from some fans, compete directly with established Japanese imports, and need to carefully navigate cultural sensitivities while proving the quality of their work to gain legitimacy.
Can anyone, regardless of nationality, create manga?
Anyone can learn and apply the style of manga. If defining “manga” purely by style, then yes. If defining it strictly by origin (Japan), then no. The term OEL Manga exists precisely to describe high-quality, manga-style work created outside Japan.
Summary: The Future of American-Made Manga
So, can manga be made in America? The answer is a resounding yes. While the term “manga” technically refers to comics from Japan, the distinctive style has become a global language. American creators, often deeply passionate fans themselves, are increasingly producing high-quality Original English-Language (OEL) manga that honors the medium’s roots while telling unique stories.
Success hinges on mastering the art and storytelling techniques, respecting cultural origins, and delivering compelling narratives that resonate with readers. While challenges like market competition and authenticity debates persist, the growing acceptance of OEL manga and the explosion of webcomic platforms offer unprecedented opportunities. The future likely holds even more hybridization and cross-pollination, further enriching the global comic landscape.
What are your thoughts on manga created outside Japan? Do you have any favorite OEL manga titles? Share your opinions in the comments below!
